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Overview
"The power of the web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect" - Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director
Thousands of blind, partially sighted and physically impaired people in the World are now using the Internet to find information and use services that were previously unavailable to them, such as online shopping, banking, news etc from the comfort of their own home.
An ordinary computer can be equipped with synthesized speech output or braille display technology to enable people to use the Internet either through sound or by touch. This new technology has the potential to revolutionize the lives of visually impaired people, who until now have been forced to rely on other people for information.
This technology relies on good website development practices, and will only work properly if websites adhere to certain standards. Physically impaired people find many websites unusable because the sites falls below an acceptable standard, such as those defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The W3C is an international industry consortium that develops many of the standard languages used by Web page designers and Web application programmers. Founded in 1994, the W3C is jointly hosted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science in the United States; the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique in Europe; and the Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus in Japan. In partnership with industry, the W3C is currently working to establish standards that will enable Web developers to create universally accessible sites. This Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is just one of the W3C's areas of interest. As explained in the following quote, the W3C is committed to the concept of "Universal Access":
"W3C defines the Web as the universe of network-accessible information (available through your computer, phone, television, or networked refrigerator...). Today this universe benefits society by enabling new forms of human communication and opportunities to share knowledge. One of W3C's primary goals is to make these benefits available to all people, whatever their hardware, software, network infrastructure, native language, culture, geographical location, or physical or mental ability. W3C's Internationalization Activity, Mobile Activity, TVWeb Activity, Voice Browser Activity, and Web Accessibility Initiative all illustrate our commitment to universal access."
Source: W3C... in 7 points
Accesskeys
Accesskeys aid keyboard navigation by providing shortcuts to important or common parts of a site. Many browsers support such shortcuts via key combinations, such as ALT + accesskey, or CTRL + accesskey. Sometimes it is also necessary to then press the ENTER key.
Accesskeys used on this site
We have followed the current trend regarding the use of author defined access keys and the potential conflict with other pre-defined keyboard shortcuts and we have decided to reduce the number of accesskeys to only a few:
- 0: accessibility notice;
- 1: home page;
- 2: about us;
- 3: site map;
- 4: search;
- 7: privacy policy;
- 8: terms of use;
- 9: contact page;
- Q: skip to content;
- Z: top of page;
- X: text-version;
Links
- The first link on each page is an invisible "Skip to content" link that enables screen readers to bypass the navigation links at the top of the page.
- Links are written to make sense out of context. Many browsers and screen readers (such as JAWS for Windows, IBM Home Page Reader, Lynx, and Opera) can extract the list of links on a page and allow the user to browse the list, separately from the page.
- Many links have title attributes which describe the link in greater detail, unless the text of the link already fully describes the target. This is a work-in-progress.
- Adjacent links are separated in one of two ways: (a) structurally, as list elements, or (b) by interposing a non-blank character, such as a vertical bar. This helps screen readers to render the links distinctly.
- Two links with the same link text always point to the same address.
- All links can be followed in any browser, even if scripting is turned off.
- There are no links that open new windows, except if the user selects to do so.
Tables
- All data tables are simple. That is, the column headers for any given data cell are in the same column as the cell, and similarly for the row headers and rows. Column and row headers are always marked up as such, and always form the first column or row. This allows screen readers to render the table intelligently.
- Each data table has a caption and a summary. The summary is not displayed visually, but provides an extended description that can be read by a screen reader.
- No tables were used for layout purposes.
Images
- All content images specify equivalent
alttext. Purely decorative graphics include null ALT attributes or are used in the background. - Complex images specify a
longdescdocument. This enables screen readers to give an extended text-only description to non-visual readers. This is a work-in-progress. - There are no animated or flickering images.
Javascript and other scripting languages
- This site uses Javascript. However, Javascript support is not
required to use this site, and may be disabled:
- Most of the scripts used in this Web site are used for presentational purposes only and will not affect page's usability if Javascript support is not available;
- The "New Window" script eventually used in pages containg thumbnails will not prevent the full-size images of being loaded in case Javascript support is not available: In this case, the full-size images will be loaded in a regular browser window.
Overall design
- The majority of the pages on this site validate as XHTML 1.0 Strict. Logical markup reflects the document structure. The pages currently not compliant are the three "self-tests", where the script used requires a "name" attribute to be used in the form; the attribute "name" for the form element has been deprecated in XHTML 1.0 Strict, so we have used XHTML 1.0 Transitional in those pages.
- Externally linked stylesheets are used to deliver a consistent visual layout.
- The combination of valid CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and Strict XHTML helps to maintain a separation between content and presentation, enabling the document to be more easily rendered by non-visual user agents.
- If your browser does not support stylesheets, or if they are switched off, the content of the page is still readable and usable.
- This site uses a CSS-Signature so that you can use your own stylesheet applied to this site only. The ID's used were:
- <html id="www-excellentsite-org">
- <body id="excellentsite-org" class="bodysection">
- This site uses only relative font sizes, compatible with the user-specified "text size" option in visual browsers.
- We have also developed our own text-only script that is available in every page (the "text-version" link). This will create instantly a text-only version of the page.
- Some of the main pages, like our policies, contact, criteria and articles are also available in MP3 sound files that can be downloaded and/or opened directly from the site. These pages have a "Speak this" link in the navigation menu, linking to the voice file. We recommend you the free text-to-speech application "Sayz Me - Version 0.5", available at Sourceforge.net, that enables you to automatically have any text copied to the clipboard converted to speech.
- No plugin whatsoever is needed to use this web site.
- Javascript support is not required to use this site, and may be disabled.
Scope
We believe that all pages on this site conform to level AAA of the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 and have passed all automated checks available. If you find a page that you think does not conform or if you have any kind of difficulty using our site or any of its pages, please let us know so that we can correct it.